Nuclear Toolkit

About Nuclear Toolkit

## **Shielding, corrected** * **Buildup factors now use ANSI/ANS-6.4.3** for each shield material — lead, tungsten, tin, copper, iron, aluminium, concrete, and water — across **15 keV–15 MeV**, applied according to the standard. The previous factors stopped at 0.5 MeV and substituted data between materials. **Dose behind thick lead was therefore underestimated:** the Cs-137 dose behind 10 cm of lead was about half the corrected value, and the 5 cm result was about 25% low. For a low-energy source in water, the result was up to 2× too low. * **New: optional air attenuation and scatter.** Air between the source and detector can now be included using the corresponding standard data. This is particularly useful near radiography boundaries. It is **off by default**, since published dose constants generally assume vacuum. ## **Neutron activation, corrected** * **Fast-neutron reaction rates now use the IAEA IRDFF-II library**, averaged over the spectrum of the selected source: reactor fission neutrons, Am-Be, or D-D/D-T generators. For Am-Be, the previous Fe-54(n,p) result was **3.4× too low**; for a reactor spectrum, O-16(n,p) was **43% too low**. * **New fast-flux monitors:** Ni-58(n,p)Co-58, Ti-46(n,p)Sc-46, S-32(n,p)P-32, and Cu-63(n,α)Co-60, plus a **D-T neutron-generator source**. **Every calculator and dataset remains free.**

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