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About History of Armenia

(English)

The history of Armenia covers the topics related to the history of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the Armenian people, the Armenian language, and the regions of Eurasia historically and geographically considered Armenian.

Armenia is located between Eastern Anatolia and the Armenian highlands, surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat. The endonym of the Armenians is hay, and the old Armenian name for the country is Hayk' (Armenian: Հայք, which also means "Armenians" in Classical Armenian), later Hayastan (Armenian: Հայաստան). Armenians traditionally associate this name with the legendary progenitor of the Armenian people, Hayk. The names Armenia and Armenian are exonyms, first attested in the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great. The early Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi derived the name Armenia from Aramaneak, the eldest son of the legendary Hayk. Various theories exist about the origin of the endonym and exonyms of Armenia and Armenians (see Name of Armenia).

In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the Armenian highlands, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (southwestern historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon after the Hayasa-Azzi were the Nairi tribal confederation (1400–1000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (1000–600 BC). Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. Yerevan, the modern capital of Armenia, dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by King Argishti I at the western extreme of the Ararat plain. Erebuni has been described as "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital."

The Iron Age kingdom of Urartu was replaced by the Orontid dynasty, which ruled Armenia first as satraps under Achaemenid Persian rule and later as independent kings. Following Persian and subsequent Macedonian rule, the Kingdom of Greater Armenia was established in 190 BC by Artaxias I, founder of the Artaxiad dynasty. The Kingdom of Armenia rose to the peak of its influence in the 1st century BC under Tigranes the Great before falling under Roman suzerainty. In the 1st century AD, a branch of the ruling Arsacid dynasty of the Parthian Empire established itself on the throne of Armenia.

In the early 4th century, Arsacid Armenia became the first state to accept Christianity as its state religion. The Armenians later fell under Byzantine, Sassanid Persian, and Islamic hegemony, but reinstated their independence with the Bagratid kingdom of Armenia in the 9th century. After the fall of the kingdom in 1045, and the subsequent Seljuk conquest of Armenia in 1064, the Armenians established a kingdom in Cilicia, which existed until its destruction in 1375.

(Հայերեն)

Հայոց պատմություն կամ հայ ժողովրդի պատմություն, հայ էթնոսի պատմություն, որը ժամանակագրական առումով բաժանվում է մի քանի դարաշրջանների։ Այդ բաժանումն անվանում են պարբերացում։ Ներկայումս Հայոց պատմության պարբերացումը կատարվում է հետևյալ սկզբունքով.

-Հնագույն շրջան - անհիշելի ժամանակներից մինչև Վանի թագավորության անկումը
-Հին շրջան - Երվանդունիների թագավորության կազմավորումից մինչև քրիստոնեության հռչակումը պետական կրոն
-Միջնադար - քրիստոնեությունը պետական կրոն հռչակելուց մինչև հայ ազգային-ազատագրական շարժման վերելքը (վաղ, զարգացած և ուշ միջնադար)
-Նոր շրջան - սկսվում է հայ ազատագրական շարժումներով և հասնում մինչև Հայաստանի առաջին Հանրապետության հռչակումը։
-Նորագույն շրջան - ընդգրկում է Հայաստանի առաջին, երկրորդ և երրորդ Հանրապետությունների, ինչպես նաև Արցախի պատմությունը

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