(Русский)
История России насчитывает более тысячи лет, начиная с переселения восточных славян на Восточно-Европейскую равнину в VI—VII веках, впоследствии разделившихся на русских, украинцев и белорусов. История страны разделяется примерно на семь периодов: древнейший (догосударственный) (до конца IX века н. э.) период, период Киевской Руси (до середины XII века), период раздробленности (до начала XVI века), период единого Русского государства (с 1547 года — царства) (конец XV века — 1721), период Российской империи (1721—1917), советский период (1917—1991) и новейшая история (с 1991).
Традиционно в российской историографии началом русской государственности считается призвание в Ладогу и на другие территории северной части Восточно-Европейской равнины варягов во главе с князем Рюриком в 862 году. В 882 году преемник Рюрика новгородский князь Олег захватил Киев, тем самым объединив северные и южные земли восточных славян под единой властью, положив начало Киевской Руси. Государство под руководством князя Владимира Святославича приняло христианство от Византии вместо язычества в 988 году, начав синтез византийской и славянской культуры. К середине XII века Киевская Русь распалась на отдельные княжества, потерявшие самостоятельность в результате нашествия монголов в 1237—1240 годах. В XIV веке западные и южные княжества оказались в составе Великого княжества Литовского.
К 1478 году под руководством Ивана III Великого сложилось единое Русское государство, завершившее в начале XVI века объединение северных и восточных княжеств вокруг Великого княжества Московского. В 1480 году оно освободилось от монголо-татарского ига.
(English)
The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in 862, ruled by Varangians. In 882, Prince Oleg of Novgorod seized Kiev, uniting the northern and southern lands of the Eastern Slavs under one authority, moving the governance center to Kiev by the end of the 10th century, and maintaining northern and southern parts with significant autonomy from each other. The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as a state due to the Mongol invasions in 1237–1240. After the 13th century, Moscow became a political and cultural magnet for the unification of Russian lands. By the end of the 15th century, many of the petty principalities around Moscow had been united with the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which took full control of its own sovereignty under Ivan the Great.
Ivan the Terrible transformed the Grand Duchy into the Tsardom of Russia in 1547. However, the death of Ivan's son Feodor I without issue in 1598 created a succession crisis and led Russia into a period of chaos and civil war known as the Time of Troubles, ending with the coronation of Michael Romanov as the first Tsar of the Romanov dynasty in 1613. During the rest of the seventeenth century, Russia completed the exploration and conquest of Siberia, claiming lands as far as the Pacific Ocean by the end of the century. Domestically, Russia faced numerous uprisings of the various ethnic groups under their control, as exemplified by the Cossack leader Stenka Razin, who led a revolt in 1670–1671. In 1721, in the wake of the Great Northern War, Tsar Peter the Great renamed the state as the Russian Empire; he is also noted for establishing St. Petersburg as the new capital of his Empire, and for his introducing Western European culture to Russia. In 1762, Russia came under the control of Catherine the Great, who continued the westernizing policies of Peter the Great, and ushered in the era of the Russian Enlightenment. Catherine's grandson, Alexander I, repulsed an invasion by the French Emperor Napoleon, leading Russia into the status of one of the great powers.
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born...
(Oromoo)Ka'umsi Oromoo eessaa akka ta'e sirriitti hubachuuf qorannoon dabalataa barbaachisuyyuu, Oromoon jalqabarratti...
(English )Jewish history is the history of the Jews, and their nation,...
Liberia is a country in West Africa founded by free people of...
Until roughly 2,000 years ago, what would become Zimbabwe was populated by...
The history of Zambia experienced many stages from colonization to independence from...
Created with AppPage.net
Similar Apps - visible in preview.