History of Malaysia

About History of Malaysia

(Bahasa Melayu)

Dalam konteks sejarah Malaysia (سجاره مليسيا), walaupun nama "Malaysia" merupakan sebuah konsep moden yang baru diciptakan pada separuh kedua abad ke-20, Malaysia kontemporari tetap menganggap keseluruhan sejarah Tanah Melayu dan Borneo, merangkumi ribuan tahun yang lalu termasuk zaman prasejarah, sebagai sejarahnya tersendiri.

Catatan awal Barat mengenai negara ini bermula sejak orang-orang Yunani seperti Cladius Ptolemy menamakan semenanjung yang terdapat di negara ini sebagai Semenanjung Emas (kini digelar Semenanjung Malaysia) atau "Golden Khorsenese" di dalam buku Geographia yang ditulisnya pada sekitar 150 M. Agama Hindu dan Buddha dari India dan China masing-masing mendominasi sejarah awal negara ini dan mencapai kemuncaknya semasa pemerintahan kerajaan Srivijaya yang berpusat di Palembang, Sumatera, Indonesia, yang mempunyai pengaruh yang meluas di seluruh Sumatera sendiri, Jawa, Indonesia, Semenanjung Tanah Melayu dan sebahagian besar Borneo dari abad ke-7 hingga ke-17.

Walaupun kedatangan Islam di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu telah berlaku seawal abad ke-10, agama tersebut mula mengukuhkan kedudukannya di Tanah Melayu pada abad ke-14. Penerapan Islam pada abad ke-14 telah menyaksikan kebangkitan kesultanan-kesultanan, yang paling menonjol ialah Kesultanan Melayu Melaka dan Kesultanan Brunei. Islam sememangnya mempunyai pengaruh yang mendalam terhadap orang Melayu.


(English)

Malaysia is a modern concept, created in the second half of the 20th century. However, contemporary Malaysia regards the entire history of Malaya and Borneo, spanning thousands of years back to prehistoric times, as its own history.

The first evidence for archaic human occupation can be dated to at least 1.83 million years ago, while the earliest remnants of an anatomically modern human are c. 40,000 years old. The ancestors of the present-day population of Malaysia entered the area in multiple waves in prehistorical and historical times.

Hinduism and Buddhism from India and China dominated early regional history, reaching their peak from the 7th to the 13th centuries during the reign of the Sumatra-based Srivijaya civilisation. Islam made its initial presence in the Malay Peninsula as early as the 10th century, but it was during the 15th century that the religion firmly took root at least among the court elites, which saw the rise of several sultanates; the most prominent were the Sultanate of Malacca and the Sultanate of Brunei.

The Portuguese were the first European colonial power to establish themselves on the Malay Peninsula and Southeast Asia, capturing Malacca in 1511. This event led to the establishment of several sultanates such as Johor and Perak. Dutch hegemony over the Malay sultanates increased during the course of the 17th to 18th century, capturing Malacca in 1641 with the aid of Johor. In the 19th century, the English ultimately gained hegemony across the territory that is now Malaysia. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 defined the boundaries between British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies (which became Indonesia), and the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 defined the boundaries between British Malaya and Siam (which became Thailand). The fourth phase of foreign influence was a wave of immigration of Chinese and Indian workers to meet the needs created by the colonial economy in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.