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French Polynesia - History Screenshot 0
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About French Polynesia - History

(Français)

La Polynésie française (en tahitien : Pōrīnetia farāni) est une collectivité d'outre-mer (plus spécifiquement pays d'outre-mer ou POM) au sein de la République française (code 987), composée de cinq archipels regroupant 118 îles dont 76 sont habitées : l'archipel de la Société avec les îles du Vent et les îles Sous-le-Vent, l'archipel des Tuamotu, l'archipel des Gambier, l'archipel des Australes et les îles Marquises. Les Polynésiens la désignent par le terme « le fenua », mot signifiant « le pays » en tahitien. Elle est située dans le sud de l'océan Pacifique, à environ 6 000 km à l'est de l'Australie. Elle inclut aussi les vastes espaces maritimes adjacents. La Polynésie française, « pays d'outre-mer » français, est un territoire non autonome relevant de l'article 73 de la Charte des Nations unies.

Les premiers habitants de ces îles, des Austronésiens, proviennent selon toute vraisemblance de migrations en provenance d'Asie du Sud-Est vers l'an 300 ou peu avant (ier siècle pour les Marquises). La rencontre avec les navigateurs européens se produit à la fin du xviiie siècle. La France impose progressivement son protectorat, à compter de 1842, contrant ainsi l'influence britannique.

Il faudra attendre 1946 pour que les autochtones polynésiens accèdent au droit de vote, et 1957 pour qu'ils bénéficient d'un premier gouvernement local. Les langues polynésiennes ne retrouvent toute leur place dans les écoles qu'en 1977. La Polynésie française est devenue aujourd'hui un pays d'outre-mer, bénéficiant d'une large autonomie par rapport au gouvernement métropolitain. Son axe principal de développement demeure le tourisme, qui repose sur un patrimoine naturel et culturel exceptionnel.

(English)

French Polynesia ( POL-in-EE-zhə; French: Polynésie française ; Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole overseas country. It comprises 121 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in the South Pacific Ocean. The total land area of French Polynesia is 3,521 square kilometres (1,359 sq mi), with a population of 278,786 (Aug. 2022 census).

French Polynesia is divided into five groups of islands:

the Society Islands archipelago, comprising the Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands
the Tuamotu Archipelago
the Gambier Islands
the Marquesas Islands
the Austral Islands.
Among its 121 islands and atolls, 75 were inhabited at the 2017 census. Tahiti, which is in the Society Islands group, is the most populous island, being home to nearly 69% of the population of French Polynesia as of 2017. Papeete, located on Tahiti, is the capital of French Polynesia. Although not an integral part of its territory, Clipperton Island was administered from French Polynesia until 2007.

Hundreds of years after the Great Polynesian Migration, European explorers began traveling through the region, visiting the islands of French Polynesia on several occasions. Traders and whaling ships also visited. In 1842, the French took over the islands and established a French protectorate that they called Établissements français d'Océanie (EFO) (French Establishments/Settlements of Oceania).

In 1946, the EFO became an overseas territory under the constitution of the French Fourth Republic, and Polynesians were granted the right to vote through citizenship. In 1957, the EFO were renamed French Polynesia. In 1983 French Polynesia became a member of the Pacific Community, a regional development organization. Since 28 March 2003, French Polynesia has been an overseas collectivity of the French Republic under the constitutional revision of article 74, and later gained, with law 2004-192 of 27 February 2004, an administrative autonomy, two symbolic manifestations of which are the title of the President of French Polynesia and its additional designation as an overseas country.

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