History of Muslim Caliphs Urdu

تاریخ الخلفاء، اردو ترجمہ

اسلامی خلافت کی تاریخ، خلفائے راشدین سے لیکر نویں صدی ہجری تک

مصنف حضرت امام جلال الدین سیوطی

اردو ترجمہ از حضرت شمس بریلوی

Allama Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (may God have mercy on him) was a Muhaddith as well as a great historian. It has been written in chronological order until after the Abbasid caliphs moved to Egypt and caliphs were re-appointed. At the end of the book, the Umayyad dynasty, which was established in Spain, gives a brief history of the Obeidi dynasty, the government of Bani Tabataba al-Alawiyyah al-Husseiniya, and the dynasty of Tabaristan. He also mentions the scholars who died during the reign of each caliph and narrates the hadiths narrated from that caliph. Altogether, these 892 lunar years (11 AH to 903 AH) are rare work on the caliphate.

The History of the Caliphs is a historical and research book on the Envelope of the Nation of Islam by Allama Jalaluddin Suyuti (may God have mercy on him). Yes, the history of the caliphs is very famous because of the events of the time. In this book, Allama Suyuti has narrated many events which happened very strangely. Moreover, the scholars who died in the time of each caliph are also mentioned and the hadiths narrated from that caliph are also mentioned.

This is a list of people who have held the title of Caliph, the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, as the political successors to Muhammad. All years are according to the Common Era. Some Muslims believe that, after the death of Muhammad in 632, a succession crisis arose as Muhammad had not left a generally acknowledged heir.

Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (Arabic: أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصديق, romanized: Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq; 27 October 573 – 23 August 634) was an Arab political and religious leader who founded the Rashidun Caliphate and ruled as its first caliph from 632 until his death in 634. He was the most prominent companion, closest advisor and a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr is one of the most important figures in Islamic history.

ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب; c. 583/584 – 3 November 644), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, reigning from 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was also an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)").

Uthman ibn Affan (Arabic: عثمان بن عفان, romanized: ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān; c. 576 – 17 June 656), also spelled by the Turkish and Persian rendering Osman, was the third Rashidun caliph, succeeding Umar ibn al-Khattab. He ruled for twelve years, the longest of all Rashidun caliphs, and the Rashidun Caliphate reached its greatest extent under Uthman. He is known for having ordered the compilation of the first standard version of the Quran. He was a prominent companion and son-in-law of Muhammad.

ʿAli ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب; c. 600 – 28 January 661 CE) was a cousin, son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled as the fourth rightly guided caliph from 656 until his assassination in 661. He is one of the central figures in Shia Islam as the first Shia Imam and in Sunni Islam as the fourth of the "rightly guided" (rashidun) caliphs (name used for the first four successors to Muhammad ). He was the son of Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad, the husband of Fatima, and the father of Hasan, Husayn, Zaynab, and Umm Kulthum.

Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib also known in Shia Islam as Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (Arabic: الإمام الحسن المجتبى), was the firstborn son of Ali and Fatima, and a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is the second Shia Imam, succeeding his father, Ali, and preceding his brother, Husayn.