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About Great Warfare Classified Files

The campaign of the Greek army in Asia Minor described in Xenophon's Anabasis can hardly be regarded as a major historical event that had a decisive influence on the fate of the peoples of the ancient world.
A detachment of Greek mercenaries, numbering approximately 13,000 people, was annexed to a large army assembled in 401 BC. Persian prince Cyrus in order to overthrow from the throne his older brother, King of Persia, Artaxerxes II. In the decisive battle of Kunax, Cyrus died. The strategist and leader of the cavalry of Artaxerxes, Tissafern, by cunning, beheaded the army of the Greeks, destroying their commanders. However, the mercenaries, showing unprecedented firmness, refused to lay down their arms ... After numerous mortal dangers, wanderings and deprivations, the Greeks managed to return to their homeland.
It is the latter circumstance, as well as the uniqueness of the event itself and the little-known details connected with it, that have made and continue to make a deep impression on everyone who is interested in ancient history.
One of the indicators of the keen interest shown by contemporaries in the campaign of Cyrus mercenaries can be the fact that a number of literary works dedicated to him were published. Of these, only the Anabasis of Xenophon, a historian and philosopher, who in his youth was a student of Socrates himself, completely reached us. But thanks to excerpts and paraphrases preserved by later authors, we have some idea of ​​other works on the same topic. Thus, the Greek physician and historian Ctesias, who lived 17 years (from 414 to 398 BC) at the Persian court and healed Artaxerxes from a wound received at the Battle of Kunaks, included the story of the robes of the Greek detachment of the Persian prince in his great work on history of the East. The description of the campaign was also made by one of its participants, the strategist Sofenet from Stymfala, and it is quite possible, as some modern critics believe, that the rather lengthy story about this expedition, which has been preserved in the "Library" of the Greek historian of the 1st century BC. Diodorus ultimately goes back to the writing of Sofenet.
Diodorus’s retelling and excerpts from Ctesias are very valuable, but the first place from which to draw information about the campaign of the mercenaries of Cyrus undoubtedly belongs to the Anabasis of the Greek Xenophon, who himself was a participant in that amazing campaign. By the way, his Anabasis, or Ascent, the oldest of the literary genres of historical memoirs that has come down to us, was highly valued by the Greeks and Romans and is now one of the most popular works of ancient Greek literature.
But first things first.
So, Cyrus the Younger is the son of the Persian king Darius II, being the satrap of Lydia, Great Phrygia and Cappadocia, as well as a possible contender for the throne of the Achaemenids, in 401 BC. planned to seize the Persian throne, which was owned by his older brother Artaxerxes II.
Earlier, Cyrus was sent to Asia Minor with a special task - to establish direct contacts with the Spartan government and immediately begin negotiations with the Spartan mission in Asia, led by Lysander. Tissafern and Farnabaz, Asia Minor satraps, in fact, were excluded from any participation in the Spartan-Persian negotiations because of their constant rivalry. Cyrus the Younger as his father’s attorney, of course, was an ideal figure for such negotiations. For many reasons, both objective and purely personal, Cyrus was interested in establishing the closest contacts with Sparta. In Asia Minor, he was going to act, on the one hand, as an agent of the Persians, on the other - taking into account his own far-reaching plans. The idea of ​​forcibly seizing the throne and the need in this regard to pre-assemble an army of mercenaries, apparently, already captured the thoughts of the young ambitious Cyrus.

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